Version 1 January 2005 APPENDIX LE EXPANDED SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE This sailing instructions guide is an expanded version of Appendix L of The Racing Rules of Sailing. It contains provisions applicable to even the largest and most complicated multi-class events, as well as variations on several of the sailing instructions recommended in Appendix L. This guide will be revised from time to time to reflect advances in race management techniques as they develop, and can be downloaded as a basic text for producing sailing instructions for any particular event. The principles on which all sailing instructions should be based are as follows: 1 They should include only two types of statement: the intentions of the race committee and the obligations of competitors. 2 They should be concerned only with racing. Information about social events, assignment of moorings, etc., should be provided separately. 3 They should not change the racing rules except when clearly desirable. 4 They should not repeat or restate any of the racing rules. 5 They should not repeat themselves. 6 They should be in chronological order; that is, the order in which the competitor will use them. 7 They should, when possible, use words or phrases from the racing rules. To use this guide, first review rule J2 and decide which instructions will be needed. Instructions that are required by rule J2.1 are marked with an asterisk (*). Delete all inapplicable or unnecessary instructions. Select the version preferred where there is a choice. Follow the directions given as comments to insert text in the form fields and select the preferred wording if a choice or option is shown in brackets ([ . . . ]). After deleting unused instructions, renumber all instructions in sequential order. Be sure that instruction numbers are correct where one instruction refers to another. SAILING INSTRUCTIONS 1 RULES 1.1* The regatta will be governed by the rules as defined in The Racing Rules of Sailing. 1.2 The following prescriptions of the ????? national authority will apply: ?????. (OR) 1.2 No national authority prescriptions will apply. 1.3* ????? will apply. 1.4 Racing rule(s) ????? will be changed as follows: ?????. 1.5 Rule(s) ????? of the ????? class rules [will not apply] [is (are) changed as follows: ?????]. 1.6 If there is a conflict between languages the English text will take precedence. 2 ADDITIONAL IDENTIFICATION 2.1 While racing, boats shall display bow numbers. The organizing authority will supply the numbers and instructions for their use. 2.2 Each day while racing, the first, second and third boats in series scores at the beginning of the day shall display a yellow, blue and red [sticker] [flag] [bib on the crew] respectively. The organizing authority will supply the [stickers] [flags] [bibs] and instructions for their use. 3 CAMERAS AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Boats may be required to carry cameras, sound equipment or positioning equipment as specified by the organizing authority. 4 NOTICES TO COMPETITORS Notices to competitors will be posted on the official notice board(s) located at ?????. 5 CHANGES TO SAILING INSTRUCTIONS Any change to the sailing instructions will be posted before 0900 on the day it will take effect, except that any change to the schedule of races will be posted by 2000 on the day before it will take effect. [Reassignment of classes to racing areas will be posted before flag [AP is lowered] [D is displayed]; see instruction 6.2.] 6 SIGNALS MADE ASHORE 6.1 Signals made ashore will be displayed at ?????. [When a signal is displayed over [an area] [a fleet] flag it applies to that [area] [fleet] only.] 6.2 When flag AP is displayed ashore, ‘1 minute’ is replaced with ‘not less than ????? minutes’ in the race signal AP. (OR) 6.2 Flag D with a sound means ‘The warning signal will be made not less than ????? minutes after flag D is displayed. [Boats are requested not to leave the harbour until this signal is made.]’ 6.3 When flag Y is displayed ashore, rule 40.1 applies at all times while afloat. This changes the Part 4 preamble. 7 QUALIFYING SERIES AND FINAL SERIES The regatta will consist of a qualifying series and a final series. (OR) The format of racing is given in Attachment ?????. 8 SCHEDULE OF RACES 8.1* Dates of racing: Date Class ????? Class ????? ????? racing racing ????? racing reserve day ????? reserve day racing ????? racing racing ????? racing racing 8.2* Number of races: Class Number Races per day ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? (a) Reserve days may be used if races are not completed as scheduled or if the race committee considers it unlikely that races will be completed as scheduled. (b) One extra race per day may be sailed, provided that no class becomes more than one race ahead of schedule. 8.3* The scheduled time of the warning signal for the first race each day is ?????. 8.4 When there has been a long postponement and when more than one race (or sequence or races, for two or more [classes] [fleets]) will be held on the same day, the warning signal for the first race and each succeeding race will be made as soon as practicable. To alert boats that a race or sequence of races will begin soon, an orange flag will be displayed with one sound for at least four minutes before a warning signal is displayed. 8.5 On the last day of the regatta no warning signal will be made after ?????. 9* CLASS FLAGS Class flags will be: Class Flag ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? 10 RACING AREAS 10.1 Attachment ????? shows the location of racing areas [, their flags and classes assigned to them]. 10.2 Classes are assigned to racing areas as follows: ?????. (OR) 10.2 Assignments of classes to racing areas will be posted by 1700 on the day before they will take effect. 11 THE COURSES 11.1* The diagrams in Attachment ????? show the courses, including the [course signals,] approximate angles between legs, the order in which marks are to be passed, and the side on which each mark is to be left. [The approximate course length will be ?????.] 11.2 Course designations and course signals are as follows: ?????. 11.3 No later than the warning signal, the race committee signal boat will display the approximate compass bearing of the first leg. 11.4 When there is a gate, boats shall sail between the gate marks from the direction of the previous mark and round either gate mark. 11.5 Courses will not be shortened. This changes rule 32. 11.6 Legs of the course will not be changed after the preparatory signal. This changes rule 33. 12 MARKS 12.1* Marks 1, 2, 3 and 4 will be ?????. (OR) 12.1* Marks 1, 2, 3, 4S and 4P will be ?????. 12.2 New marks, as provided in instruction 15.1, will be ?????. 12.3* The starting and finishing marks will be ?????. 12.4 A race committee boat signalling a change of a leg of the course is a mark as provided in instruction 15.2. 13 AREAS THAT ARE OBSTRUCTIONS The following areas are designated as obstructions: ?????. 14 THE START 14.1 Races will be started by using rule 26 with the warning signal given ????? minutes before the starting signal. (OR) 14.1 Races will be started by using rule 26 with the following addition: An attention signal (flag F with one sound) will be made five minutes before the warning signal for the first class to start. The race committee will designate the course to be sailed before or with the attention signal. Flag F will be removed with one sound one minute before the warning signal. This changes rule 27.1. (OR) 14.1 Races will be started as follows: ?????. This changes rule 26. 14.2* The starting line will be between staffs displaying orange flags on the starting marks. (OR) 14.2* The starting line will be between a staff displaying an orange flag on the starting mark at the starboard end and the port-end starting mark. (OR) 14.2* The starting line will be ?????. 14.3 Boats whose warning signal has not been made shall avoid the starting area. 14.4 A boat starting later than ????? minutes after her starting signal will be scored Did Not Start. This changes rules A4 and A5. 14.5 If any part of a boat’s hull, crew or equipment is on the course side of the starting line during the two minutes before her starting signal, the race committee will display flag V. It will be displayed until all boats have sailed completely to the pre-start side, but not after the starting signal. (OR) 14.5 If any part of a boat’s hull, crew or equipment is on the course side of the starting line during the two minutes before her starting signal and she is identified, the race committee will attempt to broadcast her sail number on VHF channel ?????. Failure to make a broadcast or to time it accurately will not be grounds for a request for redress. This changes rule 62.1(a). 14.6 If a boat fails to start or breaks rule 30.3, the race committee at Mark 1 will point flag X at her, make a sound signal and hail her sail number. The hailed boat shall immediately leave the course area. If she fails to do so she will be disqualified without a hearing and her score will not be excluded. This changes rule A5. 15 CHANGE OF THE NEXT LEG OF THE COURSE 15.1 To change the next leg of the course, the race committee will move the original mark (or the finishing line) to a new position. (OR) 15.1 To change the next leg of the course, the race committee will lay a new mark (or move the finishing line) and remove the original mark as soon as practicable. When in a subsequent change a new mark is replaced, it will be replaced by an original mark. 15.2 Except at a gate, boats shall pass between the race committee boat signalling the change of the next leg and the nearby mark, leaving the mark to port and the race committee boat to starboard. This changes rule 28.1. 16* THE FINISH The finishing line will be between staffs displaying orange flags on the finishing marks [when the race committee displays a blue flag or shape. This instruction does not apply when rule 32.2 does]. (OR) The finishing line will be between a staff displaying an orange flag on the finishing mark at the starboard end and the port-end finishing mark [when the race committee displays a blue flag or shape. This instruction does not apply when rule 32.2 does]. (OR) The finishing line will be ?????. 17 PENALTY SYSTEM 17.1 The Scoring Penalty, rule 44.3, will apply. The penalty will be ????? places. (OR) 17.1 The penalties are as follows: ?????. 17.2 For the ????? class(es) rules 44.1 and 44.2 are changed so that only one turn, including one tack and one gybe, is required. 17.3 A boat that has taken a penalty or retired under rule 31.2 or 44.1 shall complete an acknowledgment form at the race office within the protest time limit. 17.4 As provided in rule 67, the [protest committee] [jury] may, without a hearing, penalize a boat that has broken rule 42. (OR) 17.4 Appendix P will apply [as changed by instruction(s)] [17.2] [and] [17.5]. 17.5 Rule P2.3 will not apply and rule P2.2 is changed so that it will apply to any protest after the first one. 17.6 (a) The race committee may display flag O with the warning signal to signal that pumping, rocking and ooching are allowed as specified in the class rules. (b) After the starting signal, the race committee may display flag O with repetitive sounds at any rounding mark to signal that pumping, rocking and ooching are allowed as specified in the class rules. This instruction applies to a boat after she has passed the mark. (c) If the race committee has acted under instruction 17.6(a) or 17.6(b) and the wind speed becomes less than the limit specified in the class rules, the race committee may display flag R with repetitive sounds at any rounding mark to signal that rule 42, as changed by the class rules, applies. This instruction applies to a boat after she has passed the mark. [This changes ____ class rule ____.] 18 TIME LIMITS AND TARGET TIMES 18.1* Time limits and target times are as follows: Class Time limit Mark 1 time limit Target time ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? If no boat has passed Mark 1 within the Mark 1 time limit the race will be abandoned. 18.2 Boats failing to finish within ????? after the first boat sails the course and finishes will be scored Did Not Finish. This changes rules 35, A4 and A5. (OR) 18.2 Boats failing to finish within ?????% of the first boat’s elapsed time will be scored Did Not Finish. This changes rules 35, A4 and A5. 19 PROTESTS AND REQUESTS FOR REDRESS 19.1 Protest forms are available at the race office. Protests shall be delivered there within the protest time limit. 19.2 For each [class] [fleet], the protest time limit is 90 minutes after the last boat has finished the last race of the day. [The same time limit applies to protests by the race committee and [protest committee] [jury] about incidents they observe in the racing area and to requests for redress. This changes rules 61.3 and 62.2.] 19.3 Notices will be posted within 30 minutes of the protest time limit to inform competitors of hearings in which they are parties or named as witnesses. Hearings will be held in the jury room, located at ?????, beginning at [the time posted] [?????]. 19.4 Notices of protests by the race committee or [protest committee] [jury] will be posted to inform boats under rule 61.1(b). 19.5 A list of boats that, under instruction 17.4, have acknowledged breaking rule 42 or have been disqualified by the [protest committee] [jury] will be posted before the protest time limit. 19.6 Breaches of instructions 2, 3, 14.3, 17.3, 21, 22.2, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 will not be grounds for a protest by a boat. This changes rule 60.1(a). Penalties for these breaches may be less than disqualification if the [protest committee] [jury] so decides. 19.7 On the last [day of the regatta] [scheduled day of racing] a request for reopening a hearing shall be delivered (a) within the protest time limit if the requesting party was informed of the decision on the previous day; (b) no later than 30 minutes after the requesting party was informed of the decision on that day. This changes rule 66. 19.8 On the last [day of the regatta] [scheduled day of racing] a request for redress from a [protest committee] [jury] decision shall be delivered no later than 30 minutes after the decision was posted. This changes rule 62.2. 19.9 Decisions of the [protest committee] [jury] will be final as provided in rule 70.4. 20 SCORING 20.1* The Bonus Point scoring system of Appendix A will apply. (OR) 20.1* The scoring system is as follows: ?????. 20.2* ????? races are required to be completed to constitute a series. 20.3 (a) When fewer than 5 races have been completed, a boat’s series score will be the total of her race scores. (b) When from 5 to 11 races have been completed, a boat’s series score will be the total of her race scores excluding her worst score. (c) When 12 or more races have been completed, a boat’s series score will be the total of her race scores excluding her two worst scores. 20.4 To request correction of an alleged error in posted race or series results, a boat shall complete a scoring enquiry form available at the race office. 20.5 The scoring abbreviation for a discretionary penalty imposed under instruction 19.6 will be DPI. 21 SAFETY REGULATIONS 21.1 Check-out and check-in: ?????. 21.2 A boat that retires from a race shall notify the race committee as soon as possible. 22 REPLACEMENT OF CREW OR EQUIPMENT 22.1 Substitution of competitors will not be allowed without prior written approval of the [race committee] [protest committee] [jury]. 22.2 Substitution of damaged or lost equipment will not be allowed unless approved by the race committee. Requests for substitution shall be made to the committee at the first reasonable opportunity. 23 EQUIPMENT AND MEASUREMENT CHECKS A boat or equipment may be inspected at any time for compliance with the class rules and sailing instructions. On the water, a boat can be instructed by a race committee measurer to proceed immediately to a designated area for inspection. 24 OFFICIAL BOATS Official boats will be marked as follows: ?????. 25 SUPPORT BOATS 25.1 Team leaders, coaches and other support personnel shall stay outside areas where boats are racing from the time of the preparatory signal for the first [class] [fleet] to start until all boats have finished or the race committee signals a postponement, general recall or abandonment. 25.2 Support boats shall be marked with ?????. 26 TRASH DISPOSAL Boats shall not put trash in the water. Trash may be placed aboard support and race committee boats. 27 BERTHING Boats shall be kept in their assigned places in the [boat park] [harbour]. 28 HAUL-OUT RESTRICTIONS Keel boats shall not be hauled out during the regatta except with and according to the terms of prior written permission of the race committee. 29 DIVING EQUIPMENT AND PLASTIC POOLS Underwater breathing apparatus and plastic pools or their equivalent shall not be used around keel boats between the preparatory signal of the first race and the end of the regatta. 30 RADIO COMMUNICATION A boat shall neither make radio transmissions while racing nor receive radio communications not available to all boats. This restriction also applies to mobile telephones. 31 PRIZES Prizes will be given as follows: ?????. 32 DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY Competitors participate in the regatta entirely at their own risk. See rule 4, Decision to Race. The organizing authority will not accept any liability for material damage or personal injury or death sustained in conjunction with or prior to, during, or after the regatta. 33 INSURANCE Each participating boat shall be insured with valid third-party liability insurance with a minimum cover of ????? per event or the equivalent. ADDENDUM A ILLUSTRATING THE COURSE Shown here are diagrams of course shapes. Any course can be similarly shown. When there is more than one course, prepare a separate diagram for each course and state how each will be signalled. A Windward-Leeward Course Start – 1 – 2 – 1 – 2 – Finish Options for this course include (1) increasing or decreasing the number of laps, (2) deleting the last windward leg, (3) using a gate instead of a leeward mark, (4) using an offset mark at the windward mark, and (5) using the leeward and windward marks as starting and finishing marks. A Windward-Leeward-Triangle Course Start – 1 –2 – 3 –1 – 3 – Finish Options for this course include (1) increasing or decreasing the number of laps, (2) deleting the last windward leg, (3) varying the interior angles of the triangle (45°–90°–45° and 60°–60°–60° are common), (4) using a gate instead of a leeward mark for downwind legs (but not reaches), (5) using an offset mark at the beginning of downwind legs (but not reaches), and (6) using the leeward and windward marks as starting and finishing marks. Be sure to specify the interior angle at each mark. Trapezoid Courses Start – 1 – 2 – 3 – 2 – 3 – Finish Start – 1 – 4 – 1 – 2 – 3 – Finish Options for these courses include (1) adding additional legs, (2) using gates instead of leeward marks for downwind legs (but not reaches), (3) varying the interior angles of the reaching legs, (4) using an offset mark at the beginning of downwind legs (but not reaches), and (5) finishing boats upwind rather than on a reach. Be sure to specify the interior angle of each reaching leg. It is recommended that Mark 4 be different from the starting mark. ADDENDUM B BOATS PROVIDED BY THE ORGANIZING AUTHORITY The following sailing instruction is recommended when all boats will be provided by the organizing authority. It can be changed to suit the circumstances. When used, it should be inserted after instruction 5. 6 BOATS 6.1 Boats will be provided for all competitors, who shall not modify them or cause them to be modified in any way except that (a) a compass may be tied or taped to the hull or spars; (b) wind indicators, including yarn or thread, may be tied or taped anywhere on the boat; (c) hulls, centreboards and rudders may be cleaned, but only with water; (d) adhesive tape may be used anywhere above the water line; and (e) all fittings or equipment designed to be adjusted may be adjusted, provided the class rules are complied with. 6.2 All equipment provided with the boat for sailing purposes shall be in the boat while afloat. 6.3 The penalty for not complying with one of the above instructions will be disqualification from all races sailed in which the instruction was broken. 6.4 Competitors shall report any damage or loss of equipment, however slight, to the organizing authority’s representative immediately after securing the boat ashore. The penalty for breaking this instruction, unless the [protest committee] [jury] is satisfied that the competitor made a determined effort to comply, will be disqualification from the race most recently sailed. 6.5 Class rules requiring competitors to be members of the class association will not apply. ADDENDUM C QUALIFYING SERIES AND FINAL SERIES The sailing instructions below provide for dividing a large fleet into smaller fleets for a series of qualifying races, the results of which determine each boat’s assignment to two or more fleets for the final series. Insert these instructions in the sailing instructions and renumber as necessary. 2.3 While racing each boat shall display a coloured ribbon corresponding to the fleet to which she has been assigned and attached to her [mast top] [top batten] [backstay]. Ribbons and instructions for attachment will be available from the race office. 7.1 A qualifying series, followed by a final series, will be held for the ????? class(es). For the qualifying series boats will be assigned to fleets Yellow, Blue, Red, Green, etc., of, as nearly as possible, equal size and ability. The target fleet size is ?????. Initial assignments will be made by a seeding committee appointed by the [race committee] [organizing authority]. They will be posted by ?????. 7.2 (a) In the qualifying series boats will be reassigned to fleets after each day of racing. If all fleets have completed the same number of races, boats will be reassigned on the basis of their series scores. If all fleets have not completed the same number of races the series scores for reassignment will be calculated for those races, numbered in order of completion, completed by all fleets. Reassignments will be made as follows: Place in series scores Fleet assignment First Yellow Second Blue Third Red Fourth Green Fifth Green Sixth Red Seventh Blue Eighth Yellow and so on (b) Assignments will be based on the scores available at 2100 that day regardless of protests or requests for redress not yet decided. (c) If all fleets have not completed the same number of races by the end of a day, the fleets with fewer races will continue racing the following day until all fleets have completed the same number of races. All boats will thereafter race in the new fleets. 7.3 (a) Boats will be assigned to final-series fleets Gold, Silver, Bronze, Emerald, etc., on the basis of their qualifying-series scores. There will be the same number of fleets in the final series as there were in the qualifying series. The final-series fleets will have, as nearly as possible, equal size but so that the Silver fleet is not larger than the Gold fleet, etc. Boats with the best qualifying-series scores will race all final-series races in the Gold fleet, boats with the next-best qualifying-series scores will race in the Silver fleet, etc. (b) Any recalculation of qualifying-series scores after boats have been assigned to final-series fleets will not affect the assignments except that a redress decision may promote a boat to a higher fleet. 20.1 (a) ????? races are required to be completed by each fleet to constitute a qualifying series. [If the qualifying series has not been completed as scheduled, it will be extended until completed but not later than ?????. If each fleet has then completed ????? races, they will constitute a qualifying series.] (b) A total number of ????? races, consisting of the qualifying races completed by each fleet and any final races completed by the Gold fleet, are required to constitute a regatta for all fleets. 20.2 (a) The Low Point scoring system of Appendix A will apply to the qualifying series except that if at the end of the series some boats have more race scores than others, scores for the most recent races will be excluded so that all boats have the same number of race scores. (b) When fewer than ????? races have been completed by any fleet, a boat’s qualifying-series score will be the total of her race scores. 20.3 (a) Except for race scores excluded under instruction 20.4, a boat’s series score for the regatta will be the total of her race scores from those qualifying races completed by all fleets and her final races. (b) The Low Point scoring system of Appendix A will apply separately to each final-series fleet. Different final-series fleets need not have completed the same number of final races. 20.4 (a) When fewer than 5 races have been completed, a boat’s regatta score will be the total of her race scores. (b) When from 5 to 11 races have been completed, a boat’s regatta score will be the total of her race scores excluding her worst score. (c) When 12 or more races have been completed, a boat’s regatta score will be the total of her race scores excluding her two worst scores. [However, no more than one score may be excluded from the final series and only when two or more final-series races have been completed.] (d) For boats with scores from final-series races, ties in the regatta score are broken by final-series scores with no race score excluded. This changes rule A8.